はじめに
The difficult degradability of plastic waste makes it exist in the natural environment for hundreds of years, posing a huge threat to soil, water and biodiversity. The emergence of plastic crusher machine for the solution of this problem has brought a ray of hope. It can efficiently pulverize waste plastics into small particles, which can be used as raw materials for recycled plastics and re-enter the production chain, thus realizing the recycling of plastics and reducing the demand for virgin plastics and the pressure on the environment. Therefore, making a small plastic crusher machine is not only feasible but also of great practical importance. It can be an affordable and environmentally friendly solution for individuals or small businesses to help us reduce plastic waste at source and participate in plastic recycling. In this article, we will introduce the steps and points of making a plastic crusher machine in detail, and bring you into the new world of plastic recycling.
Types of plastic crusher machines
Plastic crusher machine can be divided into various types according to its working principle and structural design. Each type of crusher has its unique characteristics and applicable scenes. The following are several common types of plastic crusher machines:
1. Jaw Crushers
The Jaw Crusher utilizes the relative motion of two jaws (the movable jaw and the fixed jaw) to crush plastics. The movable jaw makes periodic reciprocating motion driven by the motor and squeezes each other with the fixed jaw, thus crushing the plastic into smaller pieces. This type of crusher is simple in structure, easy to maintain, suitable for handling larger size plastic blocks or sheets, and commonly used in the primary crushing stage of plastic recycling. The advantages of the jaw crusher lie in its strong crushing force and high processing capacity, but its crushed particle size is relatively large and usually requires further processing.
2. Hammer Mills
The hammer mill crushes plastic by hitting it with a high-speed rotating hammer head. The hammer head is mounted on a rotating rotor and when the plastic enters the pulverizing chamber, it is broken into smaller particles by the high speed rotating hammer head. This type of crusher has a high pulverizing efficiency and is suitable for handling softer plastic materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene. The advantage of the hammer mill is that the size of the crushed particles can be controlled by replacing the screen or adjusting the spacing of the hammer heads, which can meet different processing needs. In addition, its compact structure and small footprint make it suitable for small and medium scale plastic recycling and processing sites.
3. Roller Crushers
The Roll Crusher utilizes two oppositely rotating rollers to crush and shear the plastic. As the plastic passes between the two rollers, it is crushed by the squeezing and shearing forces. The advantages of the roller crusher are uniform crushing effect, controllable particle size, and suitable for handling harder plastic materials. Its smooth operation, low noise and relatively low energy consumption. Roller crusher is commonly used to produce high quality plastic granules, suitable for industrial-grade plastic processing, especially suitable for occasions with high requirements on pulverizing effect.
4. Shear Crushers
The shear crusher crushes plastic by the shearing action between the rotating blades and the fixed blades. After entering the crushing chamber, the plastic is cut into smaller particles by the shearing force between the rotating blades and the fixed blades. The advantages of this type of crusher are good crushing effect, uniform particle size, and suitable for dealing with flexible plastics such as films and pipes. Its smooth operation, low noise, suitable for long time continuous work. Shear type crusher is widely used in the recycling of plastic films, pipes, profiles, etc. It is especially suitable for the occasions with high requirements on the pulverizing effect.
5. Blade Crusher
This is the most common type, shredding plastic by means of a high-speed rotating blade. Its advantages are simple structure, lower cost, higher crushing efficiency, and suitable for processing all kinds of lumpy and flaky plastics, such as plastic bottles and plastic boards. The blade crusher is versatile and can be adapted to create various types of plastic crusher machines with specific functions, such as the slow-speed side crusher, medium-speed side crusherそして silent crusher.
For homemade small plastic crusher machine, blade crusher is usually the more ideal choice, because it is relatively low on the production site and equipment requirements, and easy to obtain the relevant materials and components. Generally speaking, the external dimensions of a small household plastic crusher machine can be around 60 – 100 centimeters in length, 40 – 60 centimeters in width, and 80 – 120 centimeters in height, and the specific dimensions need to be adjusted according to the actual use of the scene and the material to be made.
Preparation of Materials and Tools
1. Primary Materials
Blades
Blade is the key component of the blade mill, its material and specifications directly affect the crushing effect and service life. Recommended selection of high-speed steel (such as 9CrSi), it is affordable and excellent performance, high hardness, good toughness, can effectively cut a variety of common plastics, such as daily life in the plastic bottles, plastic packaging and so on can be easily dealt with. For small crusher, serrated knife is a good choice, blade width of about 80 – 210 mm, thickness of 5 – 8 mm, the length should be matched with the diameter of the pulverizing chamber. For example, for a chamber diameter of 200 mm, a blade length of 150 – 180 mm can be selected. This ratio of sizes ensures that the blade covers the crushing area well when rotating, thus increasing the crushing efficiency.
Electrical Machinery
The motor provides power for the crusher and should be selected according to the processing capacity of the crusher and the type of plastic. For a small home crusher with a small processing capacity, a 0.5 – 1.5 kW motor will do. Like crushing ordinary plastic bottles, 1.5 kilowatts of motor can meet the demand. The speed of the motor is also important, the linear speed of the blade is usually 10 – 20 m / s is appropriate. For a crushing chamber diameter of 200 mm, a motor speed in the range of 1400 – 2800 rpm is appropriate, and the appropriate motor type can be selected according to the calculation.
Rackmount
The frame should be able to support the weight of the crusher and the vibrations during operation. Steel is a common choice for high strength and low cost, and can be square or angle steel. For a small crusher, a 40 x 40 x 3 mm square or 40 x 4 mm angle can be used, sized to fit the crusher as a whole, leaving enough room for the components to be installed.
Sieve
Sieve mesh is used to screen the size of crushed plastic particles, and its material should have good abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance. Stainless steel (e.g. 304, 316, etc.) is usually used. The aperture size of the screen should be selected according to the size of the crushed plastic particles, such as the need for 5 – 10 mm particles, you can choose the aperture of 5 – 10 mm screen, the thickness is generally between 1 – 3 mm.
2. Supporting Materials and Tools
Fasteners such as bolts, nuts, washers, etc.
Bolts, nuts and washers are used to connect and fix the various parts of the crusher. According to the size of the components and connection strength requirements, choose the appropriate specifications of fasteners, such as M6, M8, M10, etc.. M10 bolts and nuts can be used to connect the motor with the frame, and M6 bolts and nuts can be used to fix the screen. The number of fasteners depends on the structure of the crusher and the number of connection points of the parts.
Electrical components such as wires and switches
The wire is used to connect the motor, switch and power supply, and should be selected to meet the motor power requirements of the wire specifications. 1.5 kilowatts of motor, operating voltage 220 volts, the current is about 6.8 amps, select the cross-sectional area of 1.5 – 2.5 square mm of copper-core wire on the line. The switch can choose the appropriate power of the air switch, 3 kilowatts of motor, choose the rated current 10 – 16 amps of air switch.
List of tools
The welding machine is used to weld metal parts such as the frame to ensure the firmness and stability of the frame. Cutting machine is used to cut steel, square steel, angle steel, etc. into the required size. The drilling machine is used to drill holes in the frame, motor and other components for easy installation and connection. Multimeter is used to test electrical components and circuits to ensure that motors, wires, switches, etc. work properly. In addition, wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers and other common tools are also required.
Manufacturing Process
1. Rack Making
Cutting steel according to the design drawing and welding it into a sturdy frame. Cut the square steel or angle steel according to the size of the design drawing, and then weld it into a sturdy frame structure by electric welding. Ensure that all welding points of the frame are firm and reliable to ensure the stability and safety of the whole crusher.
2. Installation of Motor and Blade
Secure the motor to the frame and attach the blade. Use bolts and nuts to fasten the motor to a predetermined position on the frame, and then install the blades on the output shaft of the motor to ensure that the blades are firmly installed and balanced. You can adjust the degree of tightness of the blade by adjusting the nut, and at the same time, use the balance test tool to check the balance of the blade, to avoid vibration due to blade imbalance during the operation of the crusher.
3. Installation of Screen and Discharge Opening
Install a screen below the crushing chamber to screen the crushed plastic pellets. The screen should be installed flatly at the bottom of the crushing chamber to ensure that it fits tightly into the crushing chamber to prevent the plastic granules from leaking through the gaps. At the same time, set up a suitable outlet, usually below or to the side of the screen, to facilitate the collection of crushed materials, the size of the outlet should be determined according to the size of the plastic particles and the flow of materials.
4. Electrical Connections
Connect the motor’s power cord and install switches and protective devices to ensure a safe and reliable electrical connection. Connect the power cord of the motor to the output terminal of the air switch, and the input terminal of the air switch to the power socket or distribution box. During the electrical connection process, attention should be paid to the joints of the wires to be tightly connected to avoid false connections or short circuits, and at the same time to ensure that the installation of the switches and protection devices comply with the electrical safety norms in order to protect the safety of the operators.
5. Debugging and Testing
Carry out no-load test, check whether the blade operation is normal, observe the sound of the motor, blade rotation speed and direction and so on whether it meets the requirements. After confirming that the no-load operation is normal, add a small amount of plastic for trial operation, observe the crushing effect and equipment operation, check whether the crushed plastic particles meet the expected particle size requirements, and whether there is abnormal vibration or noise and other equipment. If problems are found, adjustments and repairs should be made in a timely manner to ensure that the plastic crusher machine can work normally and stably.
Safety Precautions
1. Personal Protective Equipment
- Always wear necessary protective gear, such as goggles and gloves, when operating a small plastic crusher machine.
- This prevents plastic debris from splashing into your eyes or your hands from getting caught in the machine.
2. Equipment Grounding and Environmental Safety
- Ensure that the equipment is properly grounded to avoid electric shock accidents caused by electrical leakage.
- Grounding is especially essential when operating in humid environments.
3. Cleanliness of the Work Area
- Keep the work area clean and tidy to prevent the accumulation of debris that could cause operational inconvenience or accidents.
4. Regular Inspection of the Equipment
- Develop the habit of regularly inspecting the crusher, focusing on the wear and tear of the blades and the tightness of the fastenings.
- If the blades are significantly worn or loose, replace or tighten them promptly to prevent increased vibration or damage to other parts during the crushing process.
5. Motor Operation Status
- Check the motor’s operating condition, such as for abnormal noises or overheating.
- Also, ensure that the electrical connections are secure to prevent electrical failures that could cause fires or equipment malfunctions.
6.Regular Maintenance
- Regularly clean the residual plastic in the crushing chamber and unclog the screen.
- This ensures that the equipment remains in good working condition and effectively avoids potential safety hazards caused by equipment aging or failure.
結論
So far, we have completed the journey of making the small blade plastic crusher machine. From the preparation of materials and tools in the early stage, to the key steps such as frame making, motor and blade installation, screen setting and so on, every link is crucial. During the production process, we not only focus on the performance and efficiency of the equipment, but also emphasize the importance of safe operation. Whether it’s wearing protective gear, making sure the equipment is grounded, or regularly inspecting the equipment to avoid safety hazards, these measures are the foundation for safe use. We hope that this article can help you successfully make a practical small plastic crusher machine, and also inspire more people to participate in the recycling of plastics, contributing to the cause of environmental protection.
よくあるご質問
For small plastic shredders for home use, blade crushers are usually the better choice. They are simple in structure, low in cost, and have high crushing efficiency, making them suitable for processing various types of lumpy and flaky plastics, such as plastic bottles and plastic sheets.
When selecting a motor, it is necessary to determine the processing capacity of the crusher and the type of plastic. For small household crushers, a motor with a power of 0.5 - 1.5 kW is generally sufficient. For example, a 1.5 kW motor is sufficient for crushing ordinary plastic bottles. In addition, the speed of the motor is also important, with a blade speed of 10 - 20 m/s being appropriate. For a shredding chamber with a diameter of 200 millimeters, a motor speed of 1400–2800 RPM is appropriate.
The mesh aperture should be selected based on the size of the plastic particles required. For example, if particles of 5–10 mm are required, a screen with a mesh aperture of 5–10 mm should be selected.
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